Swollen Ankles and Legs Could Be a Lesser-Known Sign of Heart Failure

Heart failure, a condition where the heart becomes too weak or stiff to pump blood efficiently, is a serious and potentially life-threatening illness. While it cannot be fully cured, symptoms can often be managed with proper treatment over many years.

The New York Heart Association (NYHA) classifies heart failure into four stages based on the severity of symptoms and the level of physical activity a person can perform. Common symptoms include shortness of breath, fatigue, and irregular heart rhythms. However, the British Heart Foundation has highlighted that swollen ankles and legs, often caused by fluid retention (edema), are also a key symptom of heart failure.

Experts explain that when the heart cannot pump effectively, blood pressure in the veins increases, causing fluid to leak into surrounding tissues and leading to swelling. This swelling, which may be worse later in the day, can present as:

• Swelling or fullness in the ankles, feet, or legs
• Shiny or tight skin
• Changes in skin color
• Stiffness
• Indentations in the skin when pressed

Other symptoms of heart failure include:

• Shortness of breath during physical activity or at rest
• Breathing difficulties, especially during sleep
• Persistent fatigue and difficulty with physical activities
• Dizziness or fainting spells

Medical professionals urge anyone experiencing these symptoms, especially if they are sudden or severe, to seek immediate medical attention. Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage the condition and improve quality of life.